The Jesuit College was located at Clermont, whereas the Masonic Chapter was not. However, the College and the Chapter had nothing to do with each other. The natural confusion between the names of the Jesuit College of Clermont, and the short-lived Masonic Chapter of Clermont, a Masonic body that controlled a few high degrees during its brief existence, only served to add fuel to the myth of Stuart Jacobite influence in Freemasonry's high degrees. He was succeeded in his claim by Charles Edward Stuart ("Bonnie Prince Charles"), also known as "the Young Pretender", whose ultimate defeat at the Battle of Culloden in 1746 effectively put an end to any serious hopes of the Stuarts regaining the British crowns. George, better known as "the Old Pretender", but recognized as James III & VIII by the French King Louis XIV. Germain en Laye, and was succeeded in his claims to the English, Irish and Scottish thrones by his son, James Francis Edward Stuart (1699–1766), the Chevalier St. James II died in 1701 at the Palace of St. Rebold's claim that the high degrees were created and practiced in Lodge Canongate Kilwinning at Edinburgh are entirely false. The story was then repeated by the French writers Jean-Marie Ragon (1781–1862) and Emmanuel Rebold, in their Masonic histories. George Oliver (1782–1867), in his Historical Landmarks, 1846, carried the story forward and even claimed that King Charles II was active in his attendance at meetings-an obvious invention, for if it had been true, it would not have escaped the notice of the historians of the time. The well-known English Masonic writer, Dr.
īy the mid-19th century, the story had gained currency. Lenning stated that King James II of England, after his flight to France in 1688, resided at the Jesuit College of Clermont, where his followers fabricated certain degrees for the purpose of carrying out their political ends. This manuscript was later revised and published by another German Freemason named Friedrich Mossdorf (1757–1830). Lenning, embellished the story further in a manuscript titled "Encyclopedia of Freemasonry" probably written between 18 at Leipzig. Ī German bookseller and Freemason, living in Paris, working under the assumed name of C.
The lack of scholarship exhibited by Robison in that work caused the Encyclopædia Britannica to denounce it. This folly was then embellished by John Robison (1739–1805), a professor of Natural Philosophy at the University of Edinburgh, in an anti-Masonic work published in 1797. The statement may have been made to flatter the fraternity by claiming membership for a previous monarch. However, there were no documented lodges of Freemasons on the continent during those years. It was stated, without support, that King Charles II (older brother and predecessor to James II) was made a Freemason in the Netherlands during the years of his exile (1649–60). The seed or the myth of Stuart Jacobite influence on the higher degrees may have been a careless and unsubstantiated remark made by John Noorthouk in the 1784 Book of Constitutions of the Premier Grand Lodge of London. History Scottish Rite jewel 18° Legend of Jacobite origins The Scottish Rite builds upon the ethical teachings and philosophy offered in the Craft (or Blue) Lodge, through dramatic presentation of the individual degrees. In England and some other countries, while the Scottish Rite is not accorded official recognition by the Grand Lodge, only a recognized Freemason may join and there is no prohibition against his doing so. It is also concordant, in that some of its degrees relate to the degrees of Symbolic ( Craft) Freemasonry. The Scottish Rite is one of the appendant bodies of Freemasonry that a Master Mason may join for further exposure to the principles of Freemasonry. For example, the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction in the United States often omits the and, while the English and Irish Constitutions omit the word Scottish). In the Scottish Rite the central authority is called a Supreme Council.Ĭommonly known as simply the Scottish Rite (or, in England and Australia, as the Rose Croix although this is only one of its degrees), it goes by different names in different jurisdictions and/or constitutions.
#Craft of exile series
A Rite is a progressive series of degrees conferred by various Masonic organizations or bodies, each of which operates under the control of its own central authority. The Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry is one of several Rites of Freemasonry.
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